RISK FACTORS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

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Today I'll try to present a brief review about the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

1.Family history[parents or siblings with type 2 diabetes]

2.Physical inactivity

3.Obesity[BMI greater than or equal to 25]


4.Hypertension[blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm of Hg].


5.HDL cholesterol level less than or equal to 45 and/or triglyceride level greater than or equal to 250 mg/dl....

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6.History of gestational diabetes mellitus or birth of baby greater than 4 kg in weight.

7.History of impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.

8.History of vascular disease.

9.Polycystic ovarian disease.

For any more information on this,please consult your doctor or you may post the question in the comments section.

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INSULIN RESISTANCE SYNDROME[SYNDROME X]

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Insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome X is a condition seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.It is characterized by hyperglycemia[that is the blood glucose level is raised].hyperinsulinemia[the blood insulin level is also raised],dyslipidemia[abnormality in lipid profile]] and hypertension.This condition takes place due to a defect in the genes that leads to insulin resistance.

Syndrome X is exaggerated by obesity and this syndrome may predispose to atherosclerosis,coronary artery disease,cerebral infarction etc

Insulin resistance means....

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that insulin,the hormone that reduces the blood glucose can not act on the target organs,thereby leading to increased blood glucose level.The increase in blood glucose level further increases the secretion of insulin as a compensatory mechanism[which fails to decrease the glucose level due to insulin resistance].Excess insulin may trigger dyslipidemia by elevating the blood triglyceride level.Hyperinsulinemia also causes sodium retention in the kidney,thus elevating blood pressure.

For any more information on this,please consult your doctor or you may post the question in the comments section.

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WHAT IS DIABETES

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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder.It is characterized by hyperglycemia,which actually means rise in blood sugar.

Broadly the causes of diabetes may be divided into decreased or absence of insulin secretion[insulin is a hormone secreted from a specific type of cells of the pancreas called the Beta cells],insulin resistance[ in this case, the quantity of insulin secreted from the insulin is normal,but the insulin receptors present in various organs of the body are resistant to the action of insulin ],increased glucose
production.

Diabetes can be divided into....


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Type 1 diabetes mellitus takes place due to autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas,which produces insulin.Autoimmune destruction in general terms mean that certain antibodies are produced within our body against the beta cells which selectively destroys these cells.Type 1 diabetes may occur at any age,but usually occur after the age of 30.

Type 2 diabetes occurs due to a variety of causes like variable degrees of insulin resistance,glucose overproduction.,reduced insulin secretion. 2 diabetes develops with increasing age.

In my coming posts i will take up diabetes in a more elaborate manner.

For more information on this please consult your doctor or you may post your question in the comment section.

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