SERUM PROGESTERONE:HORMONAL ASSAY FOR PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS

Good morning friends.Today I'll post a brief review on the 2nd hormonal assay for pregnancy diagnosis: SERUM PROGESTERONE.Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is produced by the corpus luteum,which prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
Detecting the blood levels of serum progesterone,after serum HCG has become already positive,is usually done in cases where there is a suspicion of abnormal pregnancy[ectopic pregnancy,abortion etc]

METHODS OF DETECTION:1.fluoroimmunoassay 2.radio-immunoassay 3. an ELISA kit is also available.which detects serum progesterone level greater than 15ng/ml.
IMPLICATIONS OF TEST RESULT:A value more than 25ng/ml usually indicates a viable pregnancy. A value less than 5ng/ml may indicate a non-viable pregnancy,and further investigations are required. A value greater than 15ng/ml usually excludes ectopic pregnancy. A value between 5-25 ng/ml usually requires further ancillary investigations like ultrasound,serial testing etc. to exclude the risk of abnormal pregnancy.

This test has other uses too:in the evaluation of congenital adrenal hyperplasia,ovarian cancer,adrenal cancer etc.

For further information on this,please discuss this issue with your doctor or may visit the oxford journal sitehere

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BREAST CANCER:RISK FACTORS

Hi friends ,sorry for a delayed posting.Today i'll briefly review the RISK FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER.Breast cancer is a very common cancer.Breast cancer is perhaps the most common cancer in women of the developed countries.
RISK FACTORS:1.AGE:age is probably the most significant risk factor.Breast cancer is not that common in younger age group,the incidence increases with age,to reach a plateau in the sixth decade.
2.REGIONAL VARIATION:breast cancer is more common in North America & Europe.It is much less common in Asia,South America specially in countries like Japan.
3.FAMILY HISTORY:is also a very important risk factor in case of breast cancer.It is found to be much more common in women with family history of breast cancer.Individuals with relatives with breast cancer occurring at a younger age & even with male relatives with breast cancer are at increased risk .
4.INDIVIDUALS WITH ASHKENAZI JEW DESCENT are also at increased risk.
5.OTHER CANCERS & DISEASES:women with history of previous breast cancer,ovarian cancer,endometrial cancer & disorders like ataxia telangiectasia are at risk.
6.HIGHER SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS:breast cancer is found to be much more common in women of higher socio-economic status.
7.FACTORS THAT INCREASE BODY'S EXPOSURE TO OESTROGEN like early onset of menstruation,late menopause,late childbirth,nulliparity increases the risk.
8.OBESITY:is also a risk factor due to increased conversion of androgens into oestrogen in the fatty tissues.
9.OUTSIDE FACTORS:A.post-menopausal hormone therapy,for a significantly long time.
B.exposure to DDT.
C.certain viruses like mouse mammary tumour virus.
D.excessive alcohol consumption etc.
10.CERTAIN PRE-CANCEROUS LESIONS OF THE BREAST ALSO INCREASES THE RISK.
For more information discuss these issues with your physician or you may visit the WEBMD BEAST CANCER SITE here
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