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30 June, 2009

GENERIC DRUGS

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Drugs are marketed in two forms.The generic drugs and the brand name drugs.When a pharmaceutical company produces the the brand name version of a drug,that company actually possesses a patent right to produce and market the brand name version of the drug for a period of time.In order to get the the patent the pharmaceutical company has to spend a lot for research,trial,promotion,distribution of the drug.Then only,if the company can satisfy FDA or similar regulatory bodies in other countries,it is granted the patent for a limited period of time.During this period the company can promote and sell the drug in the brand-name version.Thus the drugs sold in brand-name version are much costlier.

Now when the patent period is over,the same drug can be sold in the form of generic version with prior permission from the drug regulatory body of the respective country.Selling of generic drugs thus avoids the initial cost of a brand-name version of the drug,thus bringing down the price to a great extent.

The generic medicine has the same profile that is same pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,side-effects,interactions,uses to the brand name version of the drug.

The price of generic drugs being significantly lower,there is a misconception that these drugs are of inferior standards.FDA and regulatory bodies of other countries have set the same standards for the generic drugs as that of the brand name versions.
Thus the generic drugs are manufactured in the same way as the brand name drug sand are equally effective.

Thus generic metformin,propecia,generic viagra,xenical are equally effective as to their brand-name versions.XL Pharmacy is a good online store to purchase cheap generic drugs with other facilities like confidentiality,prompt shipping,money back guarantees,secure order possessing and other features.




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29 June, 2009

CAUSES OF PEPTIC ULCER

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Endoscopic image of deep gastric ulcer in the ...Image via Wikipedia

Peptic ulcer is a broad term that consist of both duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer.Normally the inside of the stomach and duodenum is protected by a mucosal lining[epithelial lining].In case of certain adverse situations,this mucosal lining is breached,resulting into an ulcer.

Acid secretion[hydrochloric acid] in the stomach takes place from specialized cells in the lining epithelium of the stomach,called the parietal cells.The inner lining cell layer[epithelium]is covered by a mucus coating.This mucus coating prevents the back-diffusion of hydrogen ions into the stomach or gastric lining cells.There exists a balance between the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and protective factors like the mucus coating of the gastric epithelium,regeneration of gastric epithelium etc. which prevents the occurrence of peptic ulcer.

But under certain circumstances,this balance is disrupted,resulting in the genesis of peptic ulcer.

Two most important conditions that predispose an individual to peptic ulcer are the use of analgesics like NSAIDS and Helicobacter pylori infection.

NSAIDS is a class of drugs that are commonly used as over the counter analgesics or painkillers.It consists of diclofenac sodium,ibuprofen,ketorolac and many others.Use of these drugs to relieve pain should be brought to minimum.In conditions where this drug cannot be avoided,a doctor should always be consulted and the dose taken should be the minimum possible.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria that has been linked to the development of peptic ulcer.In case of individuals presenting with peptic ulcer,infection with H.pylori should always be ruled out,for proper treatment of the peptic ulcer.If H.pylori is detected then proper therapy for H.pylori should be started.

Smoking[read QUIT SMOKING], heavy alcohol intake, emotional stress etc also plays a causative role in the development of peptic ulcer.

Severe burns,serious medical illness,head injury etc may also lead to peptic ulcer.

Other diseases that may lead to peptic ulcer are gastrinoma,Zollinger Ellison syndrome,antral G cell hyperplasia,mastocytosis,basophilic leukemia etc.

For more information on this,please discuss with your doctor and visit other reliable internet sources, or may post any question in the comment section.

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