Hi Friends ,today i,ll try to post a brief review on dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation.DYSMENORRHEA or painful menstruation is a very common problem in the adlescent and early 20 age group. DYSMENORRHEA is one of the most common problem encounterd in gynaecologic practice.
DYSMENORRHEA can be classified into two types:primary dysmenorrhea & secondary dysmenorrhea.
PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA:It affects women in their adolescence, during the first few cycles after onset of menstruation[menarche].It is associated with spasmodic pain starting just before or along with periods & persists for 1-2 days.This type of dysmenorrhea is clinically not associated with any pelvic pathology[pathology of the female genital tract etc]
Several chemicals are thought to play a role in the development of primary dysmenorrhea like prostaglandins,leukotrienes,vasopressin and some nerve fibres like type C neurones.
TREATMENT:nsaids like diclofenac,ketoprofen,ibuprofen,mefenamic acid ,naproxen etc are very effective in this condition to reduce the pain .The possible side effects of this drugs are mainly stomach upset presenting eith nausea,vomiting.These drugs should not be taken by individuals with gastritis,gastric ulcer,kidney problems etc.
conjugated OCPs[oral contraceptive pills] are also effective,but i don't think the FDA has approved OCPs for this particular problem.
Other drugs with proposed benefits are thiamine,omega-3 fatty acid.vitamin E ETC.low grade heat application may help some.
SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA:It affects women in their 30s.The pain starts during the second half of menstrual cycle ahter ovulation and reaches it's peak during the onset of menstrual bleeding.The causes are ENDOMETRIOSIS,UTERINE FIBROIDS,UTERINE POLYP,ADENOMYOSIS,PELVIC CONGESTION SYNDROME,INTRA-UTERINE COPPER DEVICES,MALFORMATIONS OF THE UTERUS etc.
For proper diagnosis investigations like ESR,TOTAL COUNT,CERVICAL CULTURE,HCG[human chorionic gonadotropin - to exclude ectopic pregnancy] & other special investigations like abdominal & vaginal ultrasound.hysteroscopy, even laparoscopy may be required.
TREATMENT:depends on the actual cause of secondary dysmenorrhea.Surgery may be a treatment option in case of certain cause.The above mentioned drugs may also be used as an adjunctive measure.
For additional information please consult your physician or visit MEDILINE PLUS SITEhere
IF YOU LIKE MY POST & FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE SUBSCRIBE TO MY BLOG.
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DYSMENORRHEA can be classified into two types:primary dysmenorrhea & secondary dysmenorrhea.
PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA:It affects women in their adolescence, during the first few cycles after onset of menstruation[menarche].It is associated with spasmodic pain starting just before or along with periods & persists for 1-2 days.This type of dysmenorrhea is clinically not associated with any pelvic pathology[pathology of the female genital tract etc]
Several chemicals are thought to play a role in the development of primary dysmenorrhea like prostaglandins,leukotrienes,vasopressin and some nerve fibres like type C neurones.
TREATMENT:nsaids like diclofenac,ketoprofen,ibuprofen,mefenamic acid ,naproxen etc are very effective in this condition to reduce the pain .The possible side effects of this drugs are mainly stomach upset presenting eith nausea,vomiting.These drugs should not be taken by individuals with gastritis,gastric ulcer,kidney problems etc.
conjugated OCPs[oral contraceptive pills] are also effective,but i don't think the FDA has approved OCPs for this particular problem.
Other drugs with proposed benefits are thiamine,omega-3 fatty acid.vitamin E ETC.low grade heat application may help some.
SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA:It affects women in their 30s.The pain starts during the second half of menstrual cycle ahter ovulation and reaches it's peak during the onset of menstrual bleeding.The causes are ENDOMETRIOSIS,UTERINE FIBROIDS,UTERINE POLYP,ADENOMYOSIS,PELVIC CONGESTION SYNDROME,INTRA-UTERINE COPPER DEVICES,MALFORMATIONS OF THE UTERUS etc.
For proper diagnosis investigations like ESR,TOTAL COUNT,CERVICAL CULTURE,HCG[human chorionic gonadotropin - to exclude ectopic pregnancy] & other special investigations like abdominal & vaginal ultrasound.hysteroscopy, even laparoscopy may be required.
TREATMENT:depends on the actual cause of secondary dysmenorrhea.Surgery may be a treatment option in case of certain cause.The above mentioned drugs may also be used as an adjunctive measure.
For additional information please consult your physician or visit MEDILINE PLUS SITEhere
IF YOU LIKE MY POST & FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE SUBSCRIBE TO MY BLOG.
