brief overview:yeast infection of the vagina

Hi everybody and good morning.Today my discussion topic is candida infection of the vagina[also called vaginal moniliasis,vaginal yeast infection].
It is a relatively common disease.Candida has several types,but most of the disease are caused by candida albicans.The yeast resides in our skin,mouth,rectum,vagina without causing disease.But the problem occurs when candida outnumber the normal protective predominant bacteria in the vagina[Lactobacillus].
RISK FACTORS:1.Excessive antibiotic use
2.diabetes
3.pregnancy
4.diseases affecting the immune system[HIV/AIDS,LEUKEMIA,CANCER DRUGS ETC]
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS:1.vaginal discharge[white or yellowish]
2.irritation & itching of vulva
3.pain during urination
4.pain following intercourse
5.redness of vulva
DIAGNOSIS:By WET PREP[microscopy of vaginal discharge]
TREATMENT:The drugs used are clotrimazole,miconazole,nystatin vaginal creams.Oral drugs effective are fluconazole,amphotericin B.
Usually it is completely curable.Sometimes recurrence occurs specially in immunosuppressed conditions[HIV/AIDS].Oral fluconazole is usually effectine in these conditions.
Oral drugs should not be given in pregnancy.
PREVENTION:To keep the local area dry.
Whenever you notice the aforesaid symptoms or recurrence occurs with over the counter medicines please contact your local health provider.Any further querries regarding this disease feel free to ask me.
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BRIEF OVERVIEW:BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

Vaginitis is a disorder which presents with vaginal discharge,itching and irritation.Three most common causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis,trichomoniasis and candida infection.

Today i will present a brief overview about bacterial vaginosis.Bacterial vaginosis is a disorder of alternation of the normal vaginal flora.The good bacteria of the vagina[Lactobacillus] is replaced by bad bacterias like Prevotella,mobilincus,mycoplasma hominis,Gardenella vaginalis etc.The symptoms are white vaginal discharge,vaginal irritation etc.Many women remain asymptomatic.

The diagnostic criteria are:1.whitish homogenous discharge lining the vaginal wall

2.ph>4.5 measured by narrow range ph paper.

3.CLUE CELLS[epithelial cells lined lined by bacteria]

4.fishy odour of vaginal discharge when mixedwith KOH

The gold standard test is the relative concentration of lactobacilli and the other bad bacterias in gram stain of vaginal discharge.Culture of G.vaginalis is not specific.DNA probe test for G.vaginalis may be helpful in diagnosis.Ph paper test,test for trimethylamine,prolineaminopeptidase may be helpful.

TREATMENT:Metronidazole tablet orally

Metronidazole cream

clindamycin gel

All symptomatic women should be treated

BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AND PREGNANCY:Bacterial vaginosis causes pre-mature rupture of membrane,pre-term labour,pre-term birth.chorioamnionitis.Any pregnant women with symptoms of bacterial vaginosis should be treated.Pregnant women without symptoms,but with high risk of premature delievery should also be treated.Treatments options are metronidazole,clindamycin tablets.Clindamycin should not be given during the second half of pregnancy.

Treatment of partners is not recommended because it does not reduce recurrence of disease.

In bacterial vaginosis with HIV,the treatment is same but the disease is more persistent.

everybody should consult their respective physicians regarding this topic.Any further querries please ask me.GOOD NIGHT.

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